00:00If things on Earth weren't already quite strange, our planet is becoming a little more.
00:08There is a hidden symmetry that no one knew.
00:12And scientists are looking for now to understand why it exists.
00:16The most surprising, it is that the answer could be one of the climate systems
00:21most powerful and devastating systems of Earth.
00:24El Niño.
00:26The Earth has a curious thing.
00:28If we divide it in north and south,
00:31we can see that it's almost the same amount of solar light in the space.
00:36But they are completely different.
00:39There are more of Earth at the north and more of the south.
00:43The clouds are different, the meteor also,
00:46and yet the energy bill is almost identical.
00:51The term known for this phenomenon is the symmetry hemisphere of the Albedo.
00:56It's a mystery for us, but the explanation could be simple.
01:01The south has more clouds that envoies the light of the sun.
01:06At the same time, the north has more earth and the particles polluants
01:10which reflect also the light.
01:14But then the things become more interesting.
01:18A group of scientists asked if this balance was not only north-sud
01:23and if the Earth was also balanced in another direction.
01:26They found the satellite data and discovered something surprising.
01:31There seems to be an equilibrium east-west also.
01:34It's not a perfect line that we can trace on a chart, of course,
01:38but statistically it appears.
01:41If we divide the Earth along the Méridians 27ºC
01:45and 153ºC,
01:47we get half of the same amount of solar light.
01:52This line passes the Europe, the Africa, the Turkey,
01:56and of the other, there is the Alaska and a large part of the ocean.
02:00Of course, these are very different places, but the numbers concord.
02:05To understand all this,
02:07researchers have used 25 years of data
02:09from Ceres satellites,
02:11from 2001 to 2025.
02:15These satellites measure the quantity of light
02:18that takes the Earth
02:19and that it sends in space.
02:21If the numbers are stable,
02:23the temperature of the planet is also the temperature.
02:25But if they change,
02:27the climate is warm or is warm?
02:29The team has everything to decompose.
02:31Océans without glass,
02:33with glass,
02:34terres,
02:35ciel nuageux,
02:36ciel dégagé,
02:37each element of the system.
02:39Then they tested different ways
02:41to cut the planet
02:42to see if the schémas were stable.
02:45One of them has taken.
02:47The line of 27 degrees
02:48has shown a strange balance.
02:51The two sides
02:52present almost the same proportion
02:54of ocean and the Earth,
02:56a similar volume of clouds,
02:57and even
02:58compared to the light
03:00reflected by the ciel dégagé.
03:03At the beginning,
03:05researchers were sceptic.
03:06After all,
03:07the Earth is a sphere
03:08and if we cut enough
03:09enough,
03:10we can sometimes find
03:12some schémas
03:12that do not mean anything.
03:15But when they have
03:16deepened the tests,
03:17the schéma
03:18did not disappear.
03:19More still,
03:20it revealed a triple symphony.
03:22First,
03:23it is the only line
03:24east-west
03:24that creates this balance.
03:27Second,
03:28it does not arrive.
03:29It is fixed
03:30to 27 degrees
03:31from 2001
03:32to today.
03:34And third,
03:34the two half of the planet
03:36have almost identical proportions
03:39of the Earth
03:39and the ocean.
03:41But what is really
03:43what causes
03:43this symmetry?
03:45For the moment,
03:46everything goes towards
03:47the ENSO,
03:47the Australian Australian
03:48El Niño.
03:51It is a massive cycle
03:53where the Pacific Ocean
03:54alter between
03:55cold and cold phases.
03:57The ENSO
03:58manifests each other
04:00at seven years.
04:02And also
04:03between three states.
04:04El Niño,
04:05La Niña
04:06and a neutral phase.
04:09El Niño
04:10is the cold phase.
04:11The Alizé,
04:13these permanent vents
04:13which souffle
04:14from east to west
04:15to the Equator,
04:16are weak,
04:17even sometimes.
04:18This allows
04:19to accumulate
04:21in the centre
04:22and east
04:22of the Pacific.
04:23During this time,
04:25the cold waters
04:25and deep
04:26close to the South
04:27stop.
04:29This phenomenon
04:30affects the whole world.
04:31There is more
04:32in some regions
04:33of the Americas,
04:34but the time
04:35becomes extremely dry
04:36in Australia
04:37and in some parts
04:38of the Asia.
04:39The Niña,
04:40it is the reverse.
04:41The Alizé
04:42will strengthen
04:43and push the cold
04:44to the Asia.
04:45Therefore,
04:47more cold water
04:47rich in nutrients
04:48will rise
04:49to the Pacific Pacific.
04:50The time
04:51becomes generally
04:52more humid
04:53in Australia
04:53and Indonesia
04:54and more dry
04:55in the south
04:56of the United States.
04:57And then,
04:58there is a neutral phase
04:59when nothing
05:00is happening
05:01and that
05:02the ocean temperatures
05:03are close
05:04from the normal.
05:05Another curious thing,
05:07the name of this phenomenon
05:08divides the system
05:09in two.
05:10The Niña
05:11and the Niña
05:12design the
05:13component
05:13oceanic
05:14related to the
05:16Pacific.
05:17The oscillation austral
05:19is the
05:20atmospheric component
05:21or the variations
05:23of pressure
05:23between the Pacific
05:24west
05:25and the Pacific
05:27east
05:27close to Tahiti.
05:29And as the Pacific
05:30is immense,
05:31this only system
05:32influences the
05:33world's atmosphere
05:35inondations,
05:37rain,
05:37rain,
05:38and even
05:39hurricanes.
05:40Now,
05:41the idea of
05:42symmetry.
05:43The researchers
05:43noticed that the
05:45slight fluctuations
05:45annually
05:46of the Est-West
05:48seemed to coincide
05:49with the variations
05:50of the Enso.
05:51And they could not
05:52explain it without
05:53the circulation
05:53of Walker.
05:55It's an immense
05:56boucle of air
05:57ascendant
05:58and descendant
05:58above the Pacific
06:00which relie
06:00the sea systems
06:01of all the tropics.
06:03It's like a gigantic
06:04tapis roulant
06:05which places
06:05heat and humidity
06:06around the planet.
06:08This circulation
06:09determines
06:10where the waves
06:11form and
06:12what amount of light
06:13is envoyed
06:14into the space.
06:16So,
06:17during the Niña,
06:18the hemisphere
06:18A
06:19envies a little more
06:20light.
06:20During El Niño,
06:22it's the hemisphere
06:23west
06:23that takes the relay.
06:24The system
06:25slowly
06:25and, with the time,
06:27it anchor this
06:28line of symmetry
06:29near 27 degrees
06:30Est.
06:33This means
06:34that the Earth's climate
06:35is not an ensemble
06:37of systems
06:37separate.
06:38Everything is interconnected.
06:39And here is why
06:40it's important.
06:42We already know
06:42that the symmetry
06:43of the Earth's albedo
06:44control the quantity
06:45of solar energy
06:47envoyed
06:47into space.
06:49At the moment,
06:50it's about 29%
06:52and even
06:52small variations
06:53of this number
06:54count enormously
06:55for the climate
06:56warming.
06:57The problem,
06:59it's that many
06:59climatic models
07:00still don't still
07:01not correctly
07:02this symmetry
07:03east-west.
07:04And it must change
07:05because if a model
07:07loses this scheme,
07:08it also may
07:08lose something
07:09even more important.
07:11And that's where
07:12it becomes inquietant.
07:14The same climate
07:15system
07:15which maintains
07:16this balance
07:17is also responsible
07:18of El Niño
07:19and La Niña.
07:20And some researchers
07:22think that the next
07:23El Niño
07:24could become
07:25the most powerful
07:26for over 100 years.
07:28It could hit
07:29since 2026.
07:31By the past,
07:32a El Niño
07:33similar
07:33caused a famine
07:35and famine
07:35which killed
07:36up to 60 millions
07:38of people.
07:38In 1876,
07:41a massive
07:41floodplain
07:42was extended
07:42to Asia,
07:43Africa
07:44and South America.
07:45The pluies
07:46have disappeared
07:46for months
07:47and the rivers
07:48have disappeared.
07:49The droughts
07:51were destroyed
07:51on many other
07:52territories.
07:53Over the two years,
07:54millions of people
07:56have slowly
07:56suffered.
07:57The historians
07:58think that
07:59up to 3%
08:00of the world
08:00has not survived
08:02to this catastrophe.
08:03Today,
08:04it is one
08:05of the most
08:05murderers
08:06of the human history.
08:09Even if modern technology
08:10makes us more advanced
08:11than the people
08:12of 1870,
08:14we still depend
08:14of a stable climate
08:15for food,
08:17agriculture,
08:18water
08:18and electricity.
08:20And El Niño
08:21has the power
08:21to perturb
08:22our planet
08:23at a gigantic scale.
08:25The most worrying
08:25is that this past catastrophe
08:27has not been caused
08:28by an exceptional
08:30exceptional.
08:31The researchers
08:32think that these conditions
08:33have been developed
08:34naturally
08:34and that the
08:35climate climate
08:36can easily
08:37reproduce something
08:38of as extreme.
08:40Today,
08:41the world is
08:42quite hot
08:42than the years
08:441870.
08:44If a super El Niño
08:46came to the future,
08:47the drought
08:48could be even more
08:49severe.
08:51A powerful El Niño
08:53is perhaps already
08:54in formation
08:55in the Pacific
08:55and some researchers
08:57think
08:57he could be
08:58the most strong
08:59ever recorded.
09:01The ocean temperatures
09:03in a part
09:03of the Pacific
09:04are rapidly
09:06In some places,
09:07the water could
09:08exceed more
09:085 degrees
09:09than normal.
09:10For the climate system
09:12of the planet,
09:13this difference
09:13is huge.
09:15The danger
09:15is in reality
09:16even bigger
09:17than it seems.
09:18Today,
09:19we have satellites,
09:20predictions,
09:21global communications
09:23but there are
09:24low points.
09:24low points.
09:25The supply chains
09:26of food supply
09:27are under pressure
09:28and many regions
09:29do already face
09:30to the drought.
09:32The ocean temperatures
09:33beat records
09:34for years.
09:35Some agricultural zones
09:37become less stable
09:38because of
09:38meteorological changes.
09:40The extreme
09:41events
09:41are multiplied
09:43every year
09:44and a
09:45fort El Niño
09:46could put oil
09:47into the fire.
09:482
09:501
09:512
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