00:00The East Europe is in full wave of historic heat.
00:04Some places have reached 44 degrees Celsius.
00:09Six countries have caused their high-alerte canicule level.
00:13The lives are in play.
00:15And the reason could be much more complex than we think.
00:19France has placed the most part of the country in red alert.
00:23The national average temperature has reached 30 degrees Celsius.
00:26It is not extreme, but it is the average on all the territory, day and night.
00:32By the place, the thermometer has reached up to 43 degrees.
00:37The heat was such that two of the most famous monuments of Paris,
00:41the Museum of the Louvre and the Tour Eiffel,
00:44had to close before.
00:45These buildings are not simply designed to support such a heat.
00:50More half of France is placed under the high-alerte canicule level.
00:54The most high-alerte canicule.
00:55Hundreds of thousands of houses have been deprived of electricity.
00:59The risk of incendies is considerable.
01:02And the firefighters have already fought against the forest fires.
01:06Since the beginning of the canicule,
01:08at least 40 people have lost their lives.
01:11The rest of Europe is not even worse.
01:14The European Union has recorded one of its June's months the most hot.
01:18The previsionists announced that the temperatures could reach 38 degrees per place.
01:23Some cities have closed schools,
01:26the classrooms are becoming invisible.
01:28The electric networks have been feeding all the climatizers and ventilators.
01:33The hospitals treat more and more patients victims of the heat.
01:39The most high-alerte canicule is the highest temperature.
01:44The most high-alerte canicule is the highest temperature.
01:45In May, 101 people have lost their lives because of the heat.
01:49A record for this month.
01:51The Italy is facing the same problem.
01:54A large part of the country is under the highest-alerte canicule level.
01:57The most high-alerte canicule.
02:01Some regions of Germany redoutent the sächeress.
02:05The local authorities have asked the inhabitants to economize the water,
02:08because the reserves could be quickly if the canicule persists persist.
02:12And the danger is not there.
02:14The rain is dry and the forest s'enflammes very easily during a canicule.
02:18Some countries have already allowed the barbecues to reduce the risk of incendies.
02:23The Bays-Bas have also warned the population to prepare themselves.
02:27The meteorological services have issued an orange alert,
02:31meaning a imminent danger meteorological imminent.
02:34The temperatures could climb up to 39 degrees.
02:38The Belgium is facing almost identical.
02:41A large part of the country is under the orange-alerte canicule,
02:45with temperatures able to reach 37 degrees.
02:48The scientists alert us for decades.
02:51As long as the gas to air flow accumulates in the atmosphere,
02:55they retain more solar heat,
02:57like if we added a additional cover of the Earth.
03:00This excessive heat should go somewhere.
03:03And Europe is becoming the one of the regions
03:05which heat up the most quickly on the planet.
03:08In average, Europe heat up about two times more quickly than the rest of the world.
03:12This means that the canicules like these,
03:14will become more frequent.
03:16They will take longer and will reach even higher temperatures.
03:21You may be wondering why Europe is so often touched.
03:25We could believe that all the planet is heating up at the same rate.
03:29However, Europe is heating up faster than any other continent.
03:33The global temperature has increased about 1,4 degrees Celsius
03:38since humanity has started to burn massively carbon,
03:42oil, oil and gas.
03:45Europe, she, has been heating up to about 2,4 degrees Celsius.
03:50One part of the explanation is surprisingly simple.
03:53Europe has much more than the Earth than the ocean.
03:56And the Earth is heating up much faster than the water.
03:59When you walk on a beach in summer,
04:02the sand burns your feet,
04:03while the ocean just next to the side is still cold.
04:06The water can absorb a huge amount of heat
04:09without really rising in temperature.
04:11The Earth, no.
04:14Europe is also too far from the Arctic.
04:16And the Arctic changes at an incredible speed.
04:19Normally, the snow and the ice act like a gigantic mirror.
04:24They envoie a large part of the solar energy into space.
04:28But with the height of the temperatures,
04:30this snow and the ice melt.
04:32In the middle of the sea,
04:34there are dark and oceanic clouds.
04:36These more dark surfaces absorb much more light light,
04:40which amplifies the heating.
04:42This additional rain makes more and more ice melt.
04:46And this vicious circle is repeated without end.
04:49There is another factor that no one thinks.
04:52Europe has significantly reduced its air
04:55by reducing the pollution of the factories and the centrales.
04:58And it's an excellent news for our lungs.
05:01But a part of this pollution had a significant effect.
05:04It's an unexpected effect.
05:04It's bringing a little light light into space.
05:08Today, the air is more pure.
05:10And more rayons will reach the ground.
05:13This effect is modest compared to the gas to the air.
05:15But it adds still a little bit of heat.
05:18In other words,
05:19in this moment,
05:20a vast zone of high pressure station
05:22on the top of the Europe of the West.
05:24The meteorologists call it a dôme of heat.
05:26Imagine a huge salad in water
05:29return to a city by big sun.
05:32The air chaud in the bottom
05:33can practically not escape.
05:36At the same time,
05:37this high pressure system
05:38pushes the air towards the bottom.
05:40When we compress the air
05:41in a reduced space,
05:42it chauffe,
05:43exactly like a bike pump
05:45which is hot when we use it.
05:48This high pressure also attacks the clouds,
05:50as well as the sun hits the ground
05:53from the morning to the evening.
05:56And there is still a last piece of the puzzle.
05:59Recently,
06:00the winds have aspirated
06:01the air even more hot
06:03coming from the Sahara.
06:04The dôme of heat
06:05has then pushed this air
06:07above the Europe,
06:08creating the worst combination possible.
06:12The air burning
06:13in Africa,
06:14a continuous sunlight
06:15and a giant cover
06:16in the atmosphere
06:18that keeps all this heat
06:19heat.
06:21We have to wait
06:22until the next five years
06:23beat even more
06:24record of heat.
06:25What was before
06:27an exceptional rain
06:27is becoming a normal winter.
06:31The European cities
06:32are they ready?
06:34It's a major problem.
06:36The rain
06:36has more people in Europe
06:37than the inundations,
06:39the fires of forest
06:40or the storms.
06:41According to the World Health Organization,
06:43every year,
06:44more than 175.000 people
06:46are in Europe
06:47of causes liées
06:48to the rain.
06:49However,
06:50the authorities
06:51never treat
06:51the extreme rain
06:53as other natural disasters.
06:55Often,
06:57they only react
06:57only once
06:58the temperatures
06:58become dangerous.
07:01Contrairement
07:02to the hurricanes
07:02or the inundations,
07:04many countries
07:05still have no plans
07:05long term
07:06to face the heat.
07:08Fortunately,
07:09things change.
07:10Last year,
07:11the United Nations
07:12have developed
07:12a new world plan
07:13to help countries
07:14to prepare
07:15extreme weather.
07:16The main goal
07:17is to treat
07:18the rain
07:19as real disasters
07:20and not
07:21as simple
07:22day
07:23of winter
07:23a little cold.
07:26But
07:26transformer
07:27the cities
07:27themselves
07:27is much more difficult.
07:30Europe
07:30has passed
07:31centuries
07:31to build roads,
07:32buildings
07:33and public spaces
07:34for a more cold climate.
07:35Some roads
07:37have been traced
07:37before the invention
07:38of the automobile.
07:40Nobody
07:40imagined
07:41the summer
07:42to more 40 degrees.
07:43No one
07:44has built
07:45the cities
07:45to resist.
07:47They
07:48are surrounded
07:54like
07:55windows
07:56like
07:56red
07:58ice
07:59and
07:59slowly
08:00then
08:00slowly
08:01after the
08:03sunset
08:03the
08:03sunset
08:03C'est pourquoi traverser le centre d'une ville par une soirée chaude peut sembler
08:08pire que de se tenir en pleine campagne au même moment.
08:12Même après le coucher du soleil, la chaleur n'a nulle part où aller.
08:17Dans beaucoup d'endroits, les centres-villes restent jusqu'à 4 degrés plus chauds que
08:21les quartiers alentours. Pour y remédier, Paris prévoit de planter environ 170 000
08:27arbres afin de créer davantage d'ombre.
08:31Marseille arrache le bitune de certaines places anciennes pour le remplacer par des
08:36végétaux et de la pelouse. D'autres villes peignent leurs rues avec des couleurs
08:41claires pour réfléchir davantage de lumière au lieu de l'absorber. Certaines modifient
08:46les normes de construction pour que les nouveaux logements restent plus frais et
08:49dépendent moins de la climatisation. Mais jusqu'ici, c'est un peu comme mettre un
08:54pansement sur une jambe cassée. Le vrai problème n'a pas disparu.
08:59L'Europe brûle encore chaque jour d'énormes quantiqués de pétrole, de gaz et de charbon.
09:05Voiture, avion, usine et centrale continuent d'envoyer des gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère.
09:12En moyenne, une personne dans l'Union européenne est responsable d'environ 10 tonnes de gaz à effet de serre
09:19par an, alors que la moyenne mondiale n'est que d'environ 5 tonnes et demie.
09:24Dans bien des cas, il revient encore moins cher de prendre l'avion que le train.
09:28Les villes manquent toujours de centres de rafraîchissement où les gens peuvent échapper à la chaleur dangereuse.
09:34De nombreux bâtiments récents pourraient devenir invivables d'ici quelques décennies.
09:40Et beaucoup de personnes âgées vivant seules ne bénéficient toujours pas de visites régulières pendant les canicules,
09:46alors qu'elles sont les plus vulnérables.
09:50L'Union européenne prévoit de déployer une nouvelle stratégie climatique d'ici fin 2026.
09:56Elle est censée aider les pays à se préparer à des conditions météorologiques plus extrêmes.
10:01Ce qui est alarmant, c'est que le climat change bien plus vite que l'Europe ne s'adapte,
10:06et chaque été, cet écart se creuse un peu plus.
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