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L'empire français, le deuxième au monde après celui des Britanniques, atteint en 1920 son apogée territorial. Avec le Liban, la Syrie, le Cameroun et le Togo, jamais le domaine colonial français n'avait été si vaste. Cependant, cet empire repose sur des bases fragiles. Au Maroc, comme en Syrie, plusieurs rebellions éclatent. La France entreprend des réformes pour associer les peuples colonisés aux destinées de leurs pays. Mais il est trop tard. Le lobby colonial sape les efforts des gouvernements de gauche, finalement incapables de changer le système.
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00:01:00Killed in the trenches or lost in the roar of the shells
00:01:02Monuments are erected in honor of these soldiers of the Empire
00:01:13From Hanoi in Indochina to Casablanca in Morocco
00:01:17Where a French horseman and a North African spai
00:01:21They become brothers in arms
00:01:22And to the survivors, a grateful nation
00:01:29So the general staff is increasing the number of decorations awarded to its distinguished soldiers.
00:01:37Those who were mocked as savages paid the price of respect with their blood.
00:01:44Failing that of equality
00:01:47Even Félix Mayol, the pre-war star, no longer makes fun of the bamboo hut
00:01:56He now tells the story of a rifleman
00:02:19With skin as black as ebony, which captivates with its beauty
00:02:22While strolling one morning around the corner of September 4th Street
00:02:29He knows a little girl with hair as golden as a shadow
00:02:33He spends a whole week in awe
00:02:35But he was just at a loss for words.
00:02:37Back to African soil
00:02:39It was heartbreaking.
00:02:41And the blonde child
00:02:43He said, crying
00:02:45His name was not standing at all
00:02:48A man of color
00:02:49And it was revolutionary for the time.
00:02:51Who makes French women's heads turn?
00:02:53And while the riflemen
00:03:09They are heading back
00:03:10The balance of power in the world is changing.
00:03:13At the beginning of 1919
00:03:15When the American president
00:03:29Woodrow Wilson arrives in France
00:03:31To participate in the peace negotiations
00:03:33He is greeted by an enthusiastic crowd
00:03:36In the streets of Paris
00:03:37In honor of the sacrifice of American soldiers
00:03:39The French were unaware at the time
00:03:46That Wilson is about to shake up the world order
00:03:48And that he will upset
00:03:50The colonial ambitions of its allies
00:03:51When he arrives at the Palace of Versailles
00:03:57The American does not intend to leave
00:03:59The Frenchman Georges Clemenceau
00:04:01And the British Lloyd George
00:04:04To integrate into their empire
00:04:06The colonies of the two losers of the conflict
00:04:07Germany and the Ottoman Empire
00:04:10In the Hall of Mirrors
00:04:16Wilson creates a surprise
00:04:18By imposing the idea of a society of nations
00:04:20Who will be responsible for ensuring international harmony?
00:04:23This SDN will now be the only
00:04:28To be able to give a mandate to a country
00:04:30To control another
00:04:31And this can only be temporary.
00:04:34Worse, Wilson imposes a new right
00:04:38Peoples to determine their own destiny
00:04:40Who will one day lead them to independence?
00:04:42A power struggle ensues between the allies.
00:04:48Georges Clemenceau and Lloyd George
00:04:51They manage to preserve the essentials
00:04:53They finally get
00:04:55This new right to self-determination
00:04:57This will not apply to peoples already colonized
00:05:00And if they cannot appropriate
00:05:04The colonial remains of the losers
00:05:05They manage to get them assigned to them
00:05:08Temporarily
00:05:09Through the new league of nations
00:05:11These will therefore be mandates.
00:05:14Under international control
00:05:15France and Great Britain
00:05:17They will have on German African soil
00:05:20Cameroon and Togo for France
00:05:23Tanzania for Great Britain
00:05:26Above all, both countries are establishing themselves in the Middle East
00:05:30Thanks to the mandate entrusted to them by the League of Nations
00:05:33On the former provinces of the Turkish Empire of Constantinople
00:05:36Iraq, Jordan and Palestine to Great Britain
00:05:40Lebanon and Syria to France
00:05:43And here is General Gourault
00:05:55Who in 1920
00:05:57Lands in Lebanon
00:05:58To lead the French mandate
00:05:59The general makes a solemn entrance on horseback
00:06:09In the streets of Beirut
00:06:10In a display of French power
00:06:12Now well-established
00:06:13If the Lebanese applaud
00:06:21The representative of France
00:06:23This is particularly because the Maronites
00:06:25The Christian community of the country
00:06:27They celebrate the end of Turkish domination over Lebanon
00:06:30And above all because they are counting on the French
00:06:33To avoid falling under another form of domination
00:06:36That of the Syrians of Damascus
00:06:38And from their leader, Emir Fessal
00:06:40The emir played an important role during the war
00:06:47Joining forces with the English to drive the Turks out of Damascus
00:06:50His sisters Laurence
00:06:54Known as Lawrence of Arabia
00:06:55Who acted as an intermediary with Fessal
00:06:58To raise an Arab army
00:07:00Against the Empire of Constantinople
00:07:01In exchange
00:07:03Laurence had promised Fessal
00:07:05The creation of a greater, independent Syria
00:07:08Including Lebanon
00:07:09But when Fessal arrives in Beirut
00:07:17To negotiate with General Gouraud
00:07:18He was betrayed by his British allies
00:07:21Who have chosen to divide the Middle East among themselves?
00:07:23With France
00:07:24Fessal and the Syrians
00:07:31They will try to resist
00:07:32But they are swept away in a few days
00:07:35By the French army
00:07:36And Fessal will have to go into exile in Jordan
00:07:39Syria is now under French mandate
00:07:46And in 1920
00:07:49General Gouraud
00:07:50He can therefore proclaim the creation of a Greater Lebanon
00:07:53To the province of Beirut
00:07:59Gouraud adds the province of Tyre to the south
00:08:01And that of Tripoli to the north
00:08:04Above all
00:08:07He adds the cereal plain of the Beka
00:08:09Inland Syria
00:08:10France has just created from scratch
00:08:17A politically safe state
00:08:18And economically viable
00:08:20SO
00:08:28In the plains of this new country
00:08:29Christians and Muslims
00:08:31Hand in hand
00:08:32They carry in triumph
00:08:33The new French authorities
00:08:35Who have just offered them
00:08:36This precious Lebanese identity
00:08:38Something they had dreamed of for a long time
00:08:40The French Empire
00:08:56The second in the world
00:08:58After that of the British
00:08:59Has just reached its territorial peak
00:09:02With Lebanon
00:09:05Syria
00:09:06Cameroon and Togo
00:09:07Never before had France's colonial domain
00:09:10Had not been so extensive
00:09:11But how to organize this empire
00:09:18And above all
00:09:20How to make settlers live together
00:09:21With these local populations
00:09:23Who had to submit
00:09:24To understand it
00:09:28We need to leave the metropolis
00:09:29By taking advantage of regular shipping lines
00:09:32Departing from Marseille
00:09:33Having become the great port of the colonies
00:09:35Where do the ocean liners depart from?
00:09:37Destination: Asia
00:09:39From sub-Saharan Africa
00:09:40And especially from the Maghreb
00:09:41On the other side of the Mediterranean
00:09:44The three French departments of Algeria
00:09:49They are indeed the best example
00:09:51This colonization, pushed to its extreme
00:09:53The Empire's only settlement colony
00:10:09Algeria had in 1920
00:10:11Nearly 800,000 French
00:10:12For 5 million Muslim Algerians
00:10:15Among these French
00:10:19120,000 Jews from Algeria
00:10:21Having become citizens of the republic
00:10:23Since 1872
00:10:24In Algiers
00:10:28These Europeans live in the Bab-el-Oued district.
00:10:31By the sea
00:10:32Or along this commercial port
00:10:34Which is teeming with activities
00:10:35Gradually
00:10:41The development of the city by the French
00:10:42A true geographical segregation
00:10:45It was organized between the communities
00:10:47What was called at the time
00:10:54Muslim Algerians
00:10:55They live in the casbah
00:10:57This incredible maze of alleyways
00:11:00Who climbs up the hill
00:11:01Above the port
00:11:02A casbah that amateur filmmakers
00:11:08They like to film
00:11:09It is a testament to the profound disconnect
00:11:11Which exists between communities
00:11:13This geographical separation
00:11:20It is also and above all administrative
00:11:23As in all colonies
00:11:25The status of the native
00:11:30Invented by the republic
00:11:31At the end of the 19th century
00:11:33Came to engrave in marble
00:11:34Legal inequality between the French
00:11:37And the subjects of the empire
00:11:38A status that dispossesses Algerians
00:11:43Like all colonized peoples
00:11:45Of their fundamental freedom
00:11:47No coming or going
00:11:51From one municipality to another
00:11:52Without a pass
00:11:53Ban on gatherings
00:11:55Without authorization
00:11:56The list is long
00:11:59Of these offenses
00:12:00To whom the status of the native
00:12:02Respond with sanctions
00:12:03They too are specially reserved
00:12:05To the Algerians
00:12:05Fines
00:12:08Compulsory work
00:12:10Administrative detention
00:12:12Land confiscation
00:12:14Punishments that do not allow
00:12:18No defense
00:12:19Nor any recourse
00:12:20Despite this discrimination
00:12:32Administrative and political
00:12:34The republic will still try
00:12:36In the name of its civilizing mission
00:12:38To assimilate the Algerians
00:12:40Through an ambitious plan
00:12:42Schooling of Muslim children
00:12:44But this noble ambition
00:12:49It's going to crash
00:12:50Over insurmountable obstacles
00:12:52The first to refuse
00:12:57To send their children
00:12:58Are the Muslims themselves?
00:13:00For whom does the republic's school system
00:13:02It is primarily that of the occupier.
00:13:03There was no question of betraying him.
00:13:06His culture and his religion
00:13:07And for those who accept
00:13:13To play the game
00:13:13From the French school
00:13:14The experience is changing rapidly
00:13:16In a state of general unease
00:13:17A feeling of unease
00:13:20As evidenced by
00:13:21The Algerian
00:13:22Sadek Addez
00:13:23Future nationalist activist
00:13:25Who remembers
00:13:26From teaching
00:13:26That he received
00:13:27To Tizioso
00:13:28The history we were taught
00:13:35It can be summarized as follows
00:13:36All the barbarity
00:13:38And fanaticism
00:13:39From our side
00:13:40All the heroism
00:13:43all of humanity
00:13:44On the French side
00:13:44And their system
00:13:46We were experiencing
00:13:50A mixture of shame
00:13:51And irritation
00:13:51Out of dismay
00:13:53And anger
00:13:54Shame
00:13:58And the dismay
00:13:58It came from the fact that
00:13:59In our poor brains
00:14:00We didn't have
00:14:02Very little specific
00:14:03Opposite
00:14:03From what was written there
00:14:04Black on white
00:14:05In this book
00:14:07Who was not supposed to lie
00:14:08Since he didn't lie
00:14:10The mathematics book
00:14:11If the Algerians
00:14:27They don't want
00:14:27From the French school
00:14:28It's mainly
00:14:29The settlers' refusal
00:14:30Who will condemn them?
00:14:31Academic ambition
00:14:32From Paris
00:14:32The settlers
00:14:35They oppose
00:14:35During construction
00:14:36Schools
00:14:36In their village
00:14:37Out of fear
00:14:38Education
00:14:39Algerians
00:14:39Does not mean
00:14:40To put
00:14:41Tomorrow
00:14:41A revolver
00:14:42On the temple
00:14:43An intransigence
00:14:50Settlers
00:14:50From Algeria
00:14:51At the very least
00:14:51Surprising
00:14:52Because far
00:14:53From the image
00:14:54That we have
00:14:54Often from them
00:14:5580%
00:14:56Of the population
00:14:57European
00:14:57Is composed
00:14:58From families
00:14:59Modest
00:15:00Craftsmen
00:15:00Small shopkeepers
00:15:02Of employees
00:15:03Offices
00:15:03Or simply civil servants
00:15:04Living conditions
00:15:06Also difficult
00:15:07As in mainland France
00:15:07Here in Algeria
00:15:13When we have
00:15:14A modest situation
00:15:15We vote rather
00:15:16Left
00:15:16In the image
00:15:17About what is happening
00:15:18Everywhere else
00:15:19In France
00:15:19Which makes
00:15:24The specific
00:15:24From colonial life
00:15:26That's because
00:15:27These modest French
00:15:27They are here
00:15:28Among the 20%
00:15:29The richest
00:15:29Of the population
00:15:30For them
00:15:35Remains thus
00:15:36The feeling
00:15:37To belong
00:15:38To the ruling class
00:15:39And it cannot be
00:15:40Pointless question
00:15:41In the world
00:15:41Let this change
00:15:42This daily life
00:15:49In French Algeria
00:15:50Like this fracture
00:15:51Deep divide between communities
00:15:53That's probably
00:15:54The writer Jules Roy
00:15:55Who speaks about it best?
00:15:56The one who obtains
00:16:00The grand prize
00:16:00From the French Academy
00:16:01Will be at the end of his life
00:16:03A fervent defender
00:16:05Decolonization
00:16:06From Algeria
00:16:06Where he was born
00:16:07In 1907
00:16:08In this campaign
00:16:11From the Mitija
00:16:12Let him tell
00:16:13In a book
00:16:13Dedicated
00:16:14To his native country
00:16:15My deep origins
00:16:23Takes root
00:16:24At Sidi Moussa
00:16:25A small village
00:16:27Colonization
00:16:27Built
00:16:28At a crossroads
00:16:29By road
00:16:29With its tiny church
00:16:31His bistro
00:16:32His school
00:16:33His position
00:16:35And its houses
00:16:35In round tiles
00:16:36Summer
00:16:41My uncle Jules
00:16:42He went from farm to farm
00:16:43Thresh the wheat
00:16:44Near the haystacks
00:16:48Under the fiery sky
00:16:49I let myself be taken in.
00:16:51Entire days
00:16:51In the intoxication of the sun
00:16:53And dust
00:16:53Who reigned from dawn
00:16:55At dusk
00:16:55And Jules Roy
00:17:02To tell the story of the image
00:17:02That he had as a child
00:17:03Of these Algerians
00:17:05Whom he was in daily contact with
00:17:06I, who have always
00:17:13You work
00:17:13I've always been amazed
00:17:16To hear someone say
00:17:16That the Arabs
00:17:17They did nothing
00:17:18What I knew
00:17:25Because I was told that repeatedly
00:17:26That was because they were
00:17:28Of another race
00:17:28That I
00:17:29Inferior to mine
00:17:30We had come
00:17:33Clear their land
00:17:34And bring them
00:17:35Civilization
00:17:36I was told
00:17:37By constantly reminding me
00:17:39These are people
00:17:40Those who do not live
00:17:41Like us
00:17:42This sentence
00:17:45were actually throwing
00:17:46A modest veil
00:17:47About their poverty
00:17:48What was
00:17:51A large
00:17:52And profound misery
00:17:53Wasn't it supposedly
00:17:54That a refusal
00:17:55To sleep in beds
00:17:56Or to live
00:17:56Houses built
00:17:57Hard
00:17:57I readily believed it
00:18:01And so
00:18:02Their state
00:18:03Could not move me
00:18:04This was a great surprise.
00:18:09In my opinion
00:18:10When I realized
00:18:11Gradually
00:18:12That they were men
00:18:13Similar to us
00:18:14That they were laughing
00:18:15That they were crying
00:18:16That they were capable
00:18:17Of noble sentiments
00:18:18Like hate
00:18:19Or love
00:18:19Jealousy
00:18:21Or gratitude
00:18:22Unfortunately
00:18:26My fellow French citizens
00:18:27From Algeria
00:18:28Those who are not evil
00:18:29They still haven't done it
00:18:31The same discovery
00:18:32That I
00:18:32France doesn't want to see
00:18:46That this discrimination
00:18:47And this inequality
00:18:49Irremediably undermine
00:18:50His presence in the country
00:18:51And all of it is his obsession
00:18:55Civilizing
00:18:56The Republic is modernizing
00:18:58Algeria
00:18:58At a forced march
00:18:59With the construction
00:19:0015,000 km of road
00:19:02Hundreds of bridges
00:19:04And railway lines
00:19:05Which must allow
00:19:07To cross the vast country
00:19:08France is particularly proud
00:19:15From the southern line
00:19:16Who leaves from Gouat
00:19:17A train that travels
00:19:20across areas
00:19:21Depopulated and arid
00:19:22To stop at Tougourte
00:19:24At the gateway to the Sahara
00:19:25A Sahara Desert
00:19:35Which remains like a border
00:19:37Impassable
00:19:38In the midst of the possessions
00:19:39French women in Africa
00:19:40Because on the other side
00:19:42From the burning immensity
00:19:44French Sudan is located there
00:19:45In West Africa
00:19:47But thanks to the competition
00:19:51The relentless pursuit
00:19:52Two major industrialists
00:19:53From the automobile
00:19:54It will soon be possible
00:19:56To succeed
00:19:56Other than on one's back
00:19:58Dromedary
00:19:58This perilous
00:19:59Saharan crossing
00:20:00This is André Citroën
00:20:06Who was the first
00:20:06Go attack
00:20:07To the incredible challenge
00:20:08What better advertisement could there be?
00:20:12For the brand
00:20:13That he created
00:20:13What to develop
00:20:15The first vehicle
00:20:16All terrain
00:20:16And to launch it
00:20:18Conquering the Algerian desert
00:20:19Citroën is experimenting
00:20:25His strange tracked machine
00:20:26In a wasteland
00:20:27Which borders his factory
00:20:28And in December 1922
00:20:34In Tougourde, Algeria
00:20:35The Trans-Saharan Expedition
00:20:38Citroën takes off
00:20:39Destination Timbuktu
00:20:41And the Niger River
00:20:423200 kilometers
00:20:51In 8 steps
00:20:51Across the dunes
00:20:52Sand
00:20:53From a hostile Sahara
00:20:54After 22 days
00:20:59The team and Citroën
00:21:00Reached the mysterious
00:21:01And mythical Timbuktu
00:21:02For the first time
00:21:06Motorized men
00:21:07They connected Algeria
00:21:08In French Sudan
00:21:09But the success of Citroën
00:21:16Will be short-lived
00:21:17Because Louis Renault
00:21:19Don't count
00:21:20Letting yourself be overwhelmed
00:21:21He therefore developed
00:21:27A 10 horsepower vehicle
00:21:286 wheels
00:21:29Who is going on the attack?
00:21:30From the Sahara
00:21:31In 1924
00:21:32Initially
00:21:33From Colomb-Béchard
00:21:34Stronger
00:21:37Faster
00:21:38Renault's 10 horsepower
00:21:40Attenu Gao
00:21:41In Sudan
00:21:41In a few days
00:21:42The demonstration is so convincing
00:21:54That the French military
00:21:55They will choose Renault vehicles
00:21:57To equip their colonial troops
00:21:59Rather than the fragile ones
00:22:00Citroën Autochonilles
00:22:01Above all
00:22:06It's Renault
00:22:07Who will be allowed
00:22:08To open the first lines
00:22:09Trans-Saharan trade
00:22:10Who will make the connection
00:22:11Between Algeria
00:22:12And French West Africa
00:22:14But while the explorers
00:22:27Renault parade
00:22:28In the streets of Algiers
00:22:29André Citroën
00:22:31Is already in the process
00:22:31To prepare his revenge
00:22:32It's him
00:22:35Who will win?
00:22:36The battle for communication
00:22:37Thanks to a crazy idea
00:22:39Cross this time
00:22:41The African continent
00:22:42Entirely
00:22:42A human epic
00:22:46Unprecedented
00:22:47From 20,000 kilometers
00:22:48Who takes the name
00:22:49From Black Cruise
00:22:50The expedition embarks
00:22:54Of course, a filmmaker
00:22:55In his luggage
00:22:56Léon Poirier
00:23:12Poirier and Citroën
00:23:14They want a movie
00:23:15To glory
00:23:15Of the great French work
00:23:16In Africa
00:23:17The explorers
00:23:19And their machines
00:23:20They dart off
00:23:21To the sound of a military fanfare
00:23:22Who's playing the cap?
00:23:23From Father Bugeot
00:23:24Named after the conqueror
00:23:26From Algeria
00:23:26And the eight cars
00:23:31They walked away
00:23:32Via the southern trail
00:23:33Towards the great adventure
00:23:35Mali
00:23:39Niger
00:23:40Chad
00:23:41French West Africa
00:23:44Then Ubangi
00:23:45In Equatorial Africa
00:23:47The spectators
00:23:51They are fascinated
00:23:52By shipping
00:23:53Scientific and ethnological
00:23:54Discovering
00:23:55African peoples
00:23:56The furthest ones
00:23:57It's a little further away
00:24:01During a reconnaissance
00:24:02At the very heart
00:24:03From the virgin forest
00:24:04That the mission discovered
00:24:05The most primitive state
00:24:07Of human life
00:24:08This strange little gnome
00:24:13Was a mambouti
00:24:14Or pygmy
00:24:15Human being
00:24:16Including the size
00:24:17Do not exceed
00:24:18One meter thirty
00:24:19An expedition
00:24:25Which ends
00:24:25In the Indian Ocean
00:24:26On the French island
00:24:27From Madagascar
00:24:28Where the whole
00:24:30From the small community
00:24:31European
00:24:31From the colony
00:24:32Is gathered
00:24:33To celebrate
00:24:33The prestigious visitors
00:24:35Visitors
00:24:42Who, as he should be
00:24:42They bloom for the final sequence
00:24:44From the film by Poirier
00:24:45The statue of General Gallieni
00:24:47Who had imposed
00:24:48In the blood
00:24:49The French flag
00:24:50In Tannarive
00:24:51In Gaumont cinemas
00:25:04The success of the black cruise
00:25:06It will be phenomenal
00:25:07France is trying to forget
00:25:10The trauma of war
00:25:11This is the golden age of jazz
00:25:16And in the Art Deco style
00:25:17Paris plunges into the Roaring Twenties
00:25:21Eccentric years
00:25:24And exotic
00:25:25Nourished by colonial imagination
00:25:27And African
00:25:27The bullets of Montparnasse
00:25:31They compete in audacity
00:25:32In a mixture of bodies
00:25:33Who undresses
00:25:34Africa is even becoming
00:25:38A source of inspiration
00:25:39For painters
00:25:40Writers
00:25:40And sculptors of the time
00:25:42In search of raw art
00:25:44Almost original
00:25:45The American
00:25:52Josephine Baker
00:25:53She is the first Black artist
00:25:55To triumph on stage
00:25:56With his Negro magazine
00:25:57And his Charleston
00:25:58But while Paris
00:26:23To get drunk on the health of the Empire
00:26:24And let's have fun
00:26:25On the beaches of Deauville
00:26:26Imitated Josephine Baker
00:26:28The French authorities
00:26:30Must face
00:26:31A wind of revolt
00:26:32This empire
00:26:45That France
00:26:46Wants to believe in all-powerful
00:26:47Go suddenly
00:26:48To be vulnerable
00:26:49In several territories
00:26:50And first in Morocco
00:26:53Conquered in 1912
00:26:54But whose pacification
00:26:56It's not finished yet
00:26:57In the aftermath of the war
00:27:05Marshal Lyotet
00:27:06Had hired
00:27:07An ambitious policy
00:27:08Of transformation
00:27:09From the Sheriff's Kingdom
00:27:10In Casablanca
00:27:16The French resident
00:27:17Can look on proudly
00:27:18His work
00:27:19Next to the old Medina
00:27:21And its ramparts
00:27:23The builder built
00:27:24A new city
00:27:25With its buildings
00:27:26To modern architecture
00:27:27And its grand avenues
00:27:28Drawn by the French
00:27:29In a few years
00:27:35Construction sites have multiplied.
00:27:37All architects
00:27:40Popular in Paris
00:27:41They landed
00:27:42In the white city
00:27:43Shaping a summary
00:27:44Architecture
00:27:45Who will create the legend?
00:27:46From Casablanca
00:27:47And what he undertook
00:27:55In Casablanca
00:27:56Lyotet also achieved this
00:27:57In Rabat
00:27:58The capital
00:27:59Like in Marrakech
00:28:00The pearl of the south
00:28:02Or even
00:28:03By imagining
00:28:04The port of Kenitra
00:28:05Which he signed in person
00:28:07The plans for the new city
00:28:08Throughout the country
00:28:15Thus arose
00:28:16Buildings
00:28:16From the administration
00:28:17That the travelers
00:28:19Passing through
00:28:19They're having fun filming
00:28:20They have such a strong impression
00:28:21To have been propelled
00:28:22In small towns
00:28:23From the French province
00:28:24The builder
00:28:30Is obsessed
00:28:31By his kingdom
00:28:32Of which he dreams
00:28:33To shape
00:28:33Each of the roads
00:28:34Villages
00:28:35Or fields
00:28:36His strategy
00:28:39Is that
00:28:40From the oil stain
00:28:41Civilizing
00:28:42Who should spread
00:28:43Throughout the country
00:28:44This political strategy
00:28:52relies in particular
00:28:53About the Sultan
00:28:53Moulay Youssef
00:28:54Who took over?
00:28:55From his brothers
00:28:56At the time of the protectorate
00:28:58For Hubert Lyotet
00:29:01We need to strengthen
00:29:02Political power
00:29:03And the sultan's spiritual
00:29:04Because only a strong sultan
00:29:06Will allow us to reach
00:29:07The last chiefs
00:29:08From hostile tribes
00:29:09To the south and east
00:29:10From the occupied zone
00:29:11By the French
00:29:12Lyotet is certain of it
00:29:18The pacification of the kingdom
00:29:20Will be definitively acquired
00:29:22Very soon
00:29:22But the delicate balance
00:29:26Patiently crafted
00:29:27By the Marshal
00:29:28Go suddenly
00:29:29To be put in danger
00:29:30Through a revolt
00:29:31In the Rif Mountains
00:29:33The Rif
00:29:41It is a mountain range
00:29:42Located in the occupied zone
00:29:44By the Spanish
00:29:44Since 1912
00:29:45In northern Morocco
00:29:47A mountain range that is difficult to access
00:29:50300 kilometers long
00:29:52And 60 kilometers wide
00:29:54Who throughout history
00:29:55It sheltered hostile tribes
00:29:57To any external power
00:29:58It is in the heart of this mountain range
00:30:05Abdelkrim el-Khatabi
00:30:07With barely 3000 men
00:30:08Routed in 1921
00:30:10The Spanish army
00:30:12Before proclaiming independence
00:30:14From the Islamic Republic of the Rif
00:30:16Managing to resist the Spanish
00:30:20For many months
00:30:21Abdelkrim imagines soon
00:30:23To be able to liberate the Moroccan kingdom
00:30:25Entirely
00:30:26Challenging at the same time
00:30:28Sultan Moulay Youssef
00:30:29And above all
00:30:30The Resident General
00:30:31Hubert Lyotet
00:30:32Lyotet did not sense the danger coming
00:30:39Preferring to see in the failure of the Spanish
00:30:42Confirmation of his own success
00:30:44But this time
00:30:48Abdelkrim's troops
00:30:49They seriously threaten the city of Fez
00:30:51And the government in Paris
00:30:53Loses patience
00:30:54Lyotet hesitated too long.
00:30:57He is no longer the right man for the job.
00:31:00So it's another marshal.
00:31:05Fresh from his victory at Verdun
00:31:07Who is being urgently dispatched to the scene?
00:31:09To show his tribes
00:31:11What it costs to stand up against France
00:31:13When Marshal Pétain
00:31:19Landed in Casablanca in August 1925
00:31:22The fate of the Berliotet is sealed.
00:31:25The Resident General prefers to resign
00:31:29A few weeks later
00:31:30In order to avoid the humiliation of being dismissed
00:31:32Upon his departure from the kingdom
00:31:40A dense and silent crowd
00:31:43Accompany Berliot to the port of Casablanca
00:31:46For a final farewell
00:31:47At the same time
00:32:03Marshal Pétain zealously carried out his orders.
00:32:06The government has just embarked on a large-scale war.
00:32:11Mobilizing up to 300,000 French soldiers
00:32:14This is in addition to the 100,000 Spaniards
00:32:16To embark on an assault on the Moroccan rift
00:32:18In Paris
00:32:32Part of the political class
00:32:34Do not accept this new colonial war
00:32:38A war that will reveal deep contradictions
00:32:41Who exists within the French left?
00:32:43Because it's the same government of the left-wing cartel.
00:32:52Who is launching French troops into the heart of Morocco?
00:32:54And who brought in during an impressive ceremony
00:32:57The ashes of Jean Jaurès in the Pantheon
00:33:00Jaurès
00:33:04He who, in fiery speeches
00:33:07He was precisely the most violent attacker
00:33:09From the first French intervention in Morocco in 1912
00:33:12For the radicals who lead the government
00:33:18With the support of the SFIO socialists
00:33:20This national tribute to Jaurès
00:33:22Assassinated in 1914
00:33:24Yet it was the best possible symbol
00:33:27From the left-wing gathering
00:33:28But when that same government
00:33:38Send Marshal Pétain to the bedside of the Spanish.
00:33:41In the summer of 1925
00:33:42It triggers a serious political crisis
00:33:45With the brand new French Communist Party
00:33:47Who broke away from the Socialist Party
00:33:49And who decides to make their difference
00:33:52On colonial issues
00:33:53For the first time
00:33:59A political party will defend the rights of colonized peoples
00:34:02To rebel against the colonizer
00:34:04The communists even go so far as to call the French workers
00:34:12In October 1925
00:34:13To a general strike
00:34:15Against the government's colonial wars
00:34:17An even more vehement denunciation
00:34:22Than in the Moroccan Rif
00:34:23This autumn of 1925, it has just been added
00:34:26A new front
00:34:27At the heart of the French mandate in Syria
00:34:30In the Druze Mountain Province
00:34:32This time
00:34:44It's the incompetence of the military administrators
00:34:47Who started the fire?
00:34:48The Druze community
00:34:52Proud of its customs
00:34:53And the specifics of his Muslim religion
00:34:56It did indeed catch fire.
00:34:57When the young Captain Carbillet
00:34:59Was appointed to occupy the governor's house
00:35:02Which sits enthroned atop a stony, deserted hill
00:35:05Despite his desire to develop the region
00:35:12The officer is authoritarian and brutal
00:35:14And he doesn't care about local traditions.
00:35:18He very quickly became the bane of the great families
00:35:21Like the El Atrash family
00:35:23Which has structured community life for centuries
00:35:29A misunderstanding among the French military
00:35:32Which the Druze are once again facing
00:35:35When they try to complain
00:35:36At the office of the French High Commissioner to the Levant
00:35:38General Sarai
00:35:40Sarai is an old-fashioned officer
00:35:46Committed to secularism
00:35:47Who doesn't want to understand
00:35:48These multi-faith territories
00:35:50Where religions play a vital role
00:35:53The general won't even bother
00:35:57To receive the Druze delegation
00:35:59A series of vexations
00:36:06Which triggers a violent revolt
00:36:08Not only the young Druze leader
00:36:13Sultan El Atrash
00:36:14He won several battles against the French.
00:36:16But soon the revolt transforms
00:36:19In a dangerous revolution
00:36:20When several tribes join the movement
00:36:23To drive the French out of all of Syria
00:36:25The rebels soon reach Damascus
00:36:32SO
00:36:36General Gamelin was sent to the scene
00:36:39To quell the revolt
00:36:40Chooses the policy of chaos
00:36:42Gamelin bombards the Syrian capital without interruption
00:37:02For nearly 60 hours
00:37:04After three days
00:37:09Nothing remains of the neighborhoods of Damascus
00:37:11Who were sheltering the rebels?
00:37:12Gradually
00:37:23The French army will retake its positions in Damascus
00:37:26Then throughout the country
00:37:28It'll all be over soon
00:37:34From the great Syrian revolt
00:37:35Who shook the French mandate
00:37:37At the same time
00:37:48At the other end of the Mediterranean
00:37:50Marshal Pétain
00:37:51With its 48 battalions
00:37:53Of its two tank companies
00:37:55And its three squadrons of aircraft
00:37:56Launched on May 8, 1926
00:37:59The final offensive
00:38:00Against Abdelkrim's Republic of the Rif
00:38:02Entire villages are destroyed
00:38:09Asphyxiating bombs
00:38:12They were dropped by aircraft
00:38:14Thousands of civilians have been killed
00:38:19During the Franco-Spanish offensive
00:38:21Abdelkrim El Khattabi
00:38:26He was forced to surrender to the French soldiers.
00:38:28Who choose, as always.
00:38:30To exile him
00:38:31With a great deal of camera support
00:38:33Rif 1 and his family
00:38:38They are heading towards the French island
00:38:39From Reunion Island
00:38:40Thousands of kilometers away
00:38:42From their Moroccan mountain
00:38:43In Paris
00:38:57The revolts in Morocco and Syria
00:38:59They sounded like a painful warning
00:39:01The government of the left-wing cartel
00:39:05Aware that it is imperative
00:39:06To reform the colonial system
00:39:08But to achieve this
00:39:11We must stop appointing military personnel
00:39:13At the head of the protectorates
00:39:14And French mandates
00:39:15The government therefore decides
00:39:19They will now be civilians.
00:39:21Who will be appointed in Morocco
00:39:23In Lebanon
00:39:23And in Syria
00:39:24As for the major French colonies
00:39:27They will be entrusted
00:39:29To political leaders
00:39:30Experienced
00:39:31Who will have the necessary authority
00:39:34To transform them
00:39:34That is why
00:39:42The Socialist Vice-President
00:39:43From the Chamber of Deputies
00:39:45Alexandre Varen
00:39:46Founder of the newspaper La Montagne
00:39:48Boarding in Marseille
00:39:50In the autumn of 1925
00:39:51To join the position
00:39:53Governor-General of Indochina
00:39:55When he arrives in Saigon
00:40:03In Cochin-China
00:40:04Then in Hanoi
00:40:05At Tonquin
00:40:06Alexandre Varen
00:40:0855 years old
00:40:09Discover a multifaceted Indochina
00:40:11Which is merely an administrative creation
00:40:13French people
00:40:14Bringing together territories
00:40:16To very diverse populations
00:40:18And to ancestral cultures
00:40:20In Cambodia
00:40:27The new governor
00:40:28Admire the impressive ruins
00:40:30Again
00:40:30This ancient city
00:40:33That European archaeologists
00:40:34Are doing
00:40:35Gradually emerge
00:40:36From the jungle
00:40:37Respectful of people
00:40:45Indochinese
00:40:45And their history
00:40:46Varen hopes to implement
00:40:48A new policy
00:40:49whose philosophy he summarizes
00:40:51In a few words
00:40:52Protect
00:40:54Rather than dominate
00:40:55For the socialist
00:41:00This is the only solution
00:41:01If we want to avoid
00:41:02A nationalist fever
00:41:04He does not declare
00:41:04Because inequalities
00:41:08Are digging
00:41:09Violently
00:41:10All political power
00:41:18And economical
00:41:19Indeed
00:41:19In the hands
00:41:20Of the 25,000 French
00:41:21Present on site
00:41:22While the 19 million
00:41:24From Indochina
00:41:24They are maintained
00:41:25In a situation
00:41:26Submission
00:41:27A small colonial society
00:41:34Who barely counts
00:41:356,000 soldiers
00:41:36And 3,000 civil servants
00:41:37To administer
00:41:38A vast territory
00:41:40The rest
00:41:44From the French community
00:41:45Is composed
00:41:46From settlers
00:41:46Who benefit
00:41:47Wealth
00:41:47From the pearl
00:41:48From the Empire
00:41:49Colonization
00:41:59It is first and foremost
00:42:00The recording
00:42:01Raw materials
00:42:02The settlers
00:42:04These are the ones
00:42:05Who invests
00:42:06And organize
00:42:07This recording
00:42:07In Indochina
00:42:13The cornerstone
00:42:14From this trade
00:42:15Is the port
00:42:15From Saigon
00:42:16Built
00:42:17Like the rest of the city
00:42:18By the French
00:42:19And where do they start from?
00:42:21By boat
00:42:21The millions
00:42:22tons
00:42:22Rice
00:42:23Rubber
00:42:24And coal
00:42:25Which are shipped
00:42:26Towards the metropolis
00:42:27Coal
00:42:37The coal comes from
00:42:37Notably
00:42:38Gigantic
00:42:39Open-pit mines
00:42:40From Hongai
00:42:40Near the bay
00:42:41D'Along
00:42:42Where thousands
00:42:43Of grout
00:42:44These workers
00:42:45Indochinese
00:42:45They work
00:42:46Under conditions
00:42:47Particularly
00:42:48Difficult
00:42:48To increase
00:42:54Profitability
00:42:55From the site
00:42:55Europeans
00:42:56They mechanized
00:42:57The recovery
00:42:58Ore
00:42:58In an impressive
00:43:00And incessant sweeping
00:43:01But above all
00:43:15In the plantations
00:43:15Evea
00:43:16Near Saigon
00:43:17That capitalism
00:43:19Colonial
00:43:20He will invest the most
00:43:21And that's it.
00:43:24The profits
00:43:25Will be the most
00:43:25Important
00:43:26For the colonists
00:43:26In a few years
00:43:31The production
00:43:32Rubber
00:43:32Has been multiplied
00:43:33In threes
00:43:34Both the demand
00:43:35Of tires
00:43:35Is strong in Europe
00:43:36The plantations
00:43:39Are increasingly
00:43:40Large
00:43:40And we must commit
00:43:42Even more coulis
00:43:43Thousands
00:43:47Of workers
00:43:48Recruited
00:43:49In all provinces
00:43:50From Indochina
00:43:50Who, once they have arrived
00:43:51Near Saigon
00:43:52They find themselves without rights
00:43:54And subject to forced labor at will
00:43:55A proletariat
00:43:59Rubber
00:44:00Including the conditions
00:44:01Of life
00:44:02They are similar
00:44:02almost to slavery
00:44:03This includes
00:44:09To stop
00:44:09This drift
00:44:10Colonial capitalism
00:44:11Alexandre Varen
00:44:13Was appointed
00:44:13In Indochina
00:44:14The Governor General
00:44:17Decide then
00:44:18To write
00:44:19A code
00:44:19Work
00:44:20Specific
00:44:21Who should apply
00:44:22To the large plantations
00:44:23Evea
00:44:23To those
00:44:24Who cultivate tea
00:44:25Like in the mines
00:44:26Coal
00:44:27A code
00:44:31Who specifies
00:44:31The conditions
00:44:32Recruitment
00:44:33And in particular
00:44:34The obligation
00:44:34For the colonists
00:44:35To establish a contract
00:44:37Setting salary
00:44:38And working hours
00:44:39Rules
00:44:42Those who remain inferior
00:44:43To the right
00:44:43Workers
00:44:43French
00:44:44From mainland France
00:44:44But who
00:44:46In Indochina
00:44:47are already
00:44:48A small revolution
00:44:49For Varen
00:44:53The mission
00:44:54Civilizing
00:44:55From France
00:44:56Also requires
00:44:57To train
00:44:57A local elite
00:44:58Who will be able to
00:44:59A day
00:45:00Taking control of one's destiny
00:45:00In hand
00:45:01The governor
00:45:03Decree then
00:45:03That the natives
00:45:04As they were called
00:45:05They will now have access
00:45:07To certain functions
00:45:08French administrative offices
00:45:09And that schools
00:45:11Teacher's Standards
00:45:12Like universities
00:45:13Of medicine
00:45:14They will be created
00:45:15But good intentions
00:45:23The new governor
00:45:24They will clash
00:45:25To a wall
00:45:25Misunderstanding
00:45:26The French community
00:45:30From Indochina
00:45:30Who represents
00:45:31Barely one inhabitant
00:45:32From the peninsula
00:45:33out of a thousand
00:45:33He will not accept
00:45:35Modest reforms
00:45:36By Alexandre Varen
00:45:37The settlers
00:45:42They cannot stand
00:45:43The new rules
00:45:43Who protect
00:45:44From their employees
00:45:45Above all
00:45:49The French
00:45:50Whether they are colonists
00:45:51Or modest civil servants
00:45:52They vehemently refuse
00:45:54The initiatives
00:45:55De Varen
00:45:55Who aim
00:45:56To give more autonomy
00:45:57To the Indochinese
00:45:58Which
00:46:00In their minds
00:46:00Open the door
00:46:02To the unbearable
00:46:03Idea of independence
00:46:03Campaigns
00:46:09Extremely violent
00:46:10They are targeting the governor general
00:46:12Whether one is looking for
00:46:13Please pass this along
00:46:14For a corrupt politician
00:46:15For an opium trafficker
00:46:17Or for a dangerous madman
00:46:19Who threatens
00:46:19French interests
00:46:20Isolated
00:46:28Exhausted
00:46:29Faced with these attacks
00:46:30Liars
00:46:31Alexandre Varen
00:46:32Chooses to return
00:46:33In metropolitan France
00:46:34In 1927
00:46:35And refuses
00:46:36To be renewed
00:46:36In his functions
00:46:37The socialist
00:46:43Certainly
00:46:44Understood
00:46:44Before the others
00:46:45That he was
00:46:46From now on
00:46:46Impossible
00:46:47To reform
00:46:48The colonial system
00:46:49From the inside
00:46:49Both the lobby
00:46:51Settlers
00:46:51Is powerful
00:46:52Whether it
00:46:53In Algiers
00:46:54In Hanoi
00:46:55As in all
00:46:56The French Empire
00:46:57France in 1927
00:47:14It is now acquired
00:47:15To the Empire
00:47:16Including the promotion
00:47:17Has become
00:47:18An objective
00:47:19Government
00:47:19In its own right
00:47:20Adults
00:47:26The 1920s
00:47:26Who children
00:47:27Advent was rocked
00:47:28Through conquests
00:47:28French colonial
00:47:29Discover now
00:47:31The important part
00:47:32What does the Empire take?
00:47:33In the economy
00:47:33From the country
00:47:34SO
00:47:41We multiply
00:47:42The exhibitions
00:47:43Colonial
00:47:43And other fairs
00:47:44Like that
00:47:45From Bordeaux
00:47:45To enhance
00:47:47A port
00:47:47Who concentrates
00:47:48The essentials
00:47:48Exchanges
00:47:49Of goods
00:47:49With the colonies
00:47:50Or the astonishing
00:47:53Exposure
00:47:54From Marseille
00:47:54World City
00:47:55Where do they start from?
00:47:56And arrive
00:47:57Regular bus routes
00:47:58Who travel
00:47:58The domain
00:47:59French colonial
00:48:00This glorification
00:48:07From the Empire
00:48:07Desired by the government
00:48:09There will be many of them
00:48:10Among the artists
00:48:11To participate
00:48:12When André Gide
00:48:16Embark
00:48:17At 57 years old
00:48:18For Black Africa
00:48:18In 1925
00:48:19He wants to report
00:48:21A powerful testimony
00:48:22Diversity
00:48:23From this great France
00:48:24Whether it is
00:48:25To promote
00:48:26Throughout
00:48:32From his journey
00:48:32André Gide
00:48:33Write
00:48:34Borde's Journal
00:48:35A human adventure
00:48:35And literary
00:48:36Who will upset him?
00:48:37A trip
00:48:45Let him ask
00:48:46To her partner
00:48:46The young Marc Allégret
00:48:48To put into images
00:48:49This first film
00:48:56Trip to Congo
00:48:57That he realizes
00:48:58At 26 years old
00:48:58Marc Allégret will do
00:49:00A filmmaker
00:49:01A work
00:49:06In the spirit
00:49:07From that era
00:49:07Very ethnographic
00:49:09And solely dedicated
00:49:10Discovering
00:49:10From the different tribes
00:49:11From their dance
00:49:13And their ancestral customs
00:49:17In the image
00:49:29Most
00:49:30Of his contemporaries
00:49:31Gide is sincerely
00:49:32Colonialist
00:49:33And defends
00:49:34The Imperial Work
00:49:35From France
00:49:35That he hopes
00:49:36Sublimate
00:49:37From his pen
00:49:37It is magnified
00:49:38Thanks to the images
00:49:39By Marc Allégret
00:49:40But nothing will happen
00:49:46As he had planned
00:49:46Because as the journey unfolds
00:49:51It's a guilty conscience
00:49:53Who will gradually win?
00:49:55André Gide
00:49:55Including the crossing of Africa
00:49:57Soon becomes
00:49:58A descent
00:49:59In hell
00:50:00From the colonial reality
00:50:02What upset
00:50:06What upset
00:50:07André Gide
00:50:08From Dakar
00:50:08In Senegal
00:50:09All the way to Chad
00:50:10First
00:50:12The abominable practice
00:50:13Carrying
00:50:14This terrible obligation
00:50:17For Africans
00:50:17Requisitioned
00:50:19In their village
00:50:19To wear
00:50:20As soon as a road
00:50:22Does not exist
00:50:22The Europeans
00:50:24And their equipment
00:50:25Whether they are military
00:50:26Or civilians
00:50:27And when Gide
00:50:34Arrived further south
00:50:35In Equatorial Africa
00:50:37He was horrified.
00:50:38Like Pierre Savornian
00:50:40De Brasa
00:50:41Twenty years earlier
00:50:41Through generalization
00:50:43Forced labor
00:50:44For the benefit
00:50:46From private companies
00:50:47Who
00:50:47When they pay
00:50:48What they exploit
00:50:49They only do it with
00:50:50A few grams of salt
00:50:51For André Gide
00:50:57The time is therefore over.
00:50:58To the glorification
00:50:59From the French colonial project
00:51:00But to his denunciation
00:51:02What demon drove me?
00:51:08In Africa
00:51:09I was at peace
00:51:11Now I know
00:51:13And I have to talk
00:51:14It's a diet
00:51:16Who is involved?
00:51:17An abominable regime
00:51:19Who encourages
00:51:20And favors
00:51:21The worst abuses
00:51:21Who ruins
00:51:24A vast country
00:51:25Who enslaves
00:51:26And exhausted
00:51:28An entire people
00:51:28When he returns
00:51:35In Paris
00:51:36In 1927
00:51:37André Gide
00:51:38Published in the NRF
00:51:39Trip to Congo
00:51:40The scandal
00:51:43It is immediate
00:51:43A political scandal
00:51:46Maintained by the writer
00:51:47Who alerted them?
00:51:48His former classmate
00:51:49Class
00:51:50The Socialist MP
00:51:52Léon Blum
00:51:52Front page of the newspaper
00:51:55From the SFIO
00:51:56Blum multiplie
00:51:57The vitriolic articles
00:51:58Dedicated to testimony
00:52:00De Gide
00:52:00Léon Blum
00:52:03Léon Blum
00:52:03Léon Blum
00:52:03Will go so far as to question
00:52:05The foundations
00:52:05Even from colonization
00:52:06Nothing will be possible
00:52:12Until we have
00:52:13Attacked at the base
00:52:14From colonization
00:52:15And above all
00:52:18To the idea of inferiority
00:52:19Races
00:52:20Which justifies
00:52:21The right that the white man takes
00:52:23To requisition the black
00:52:24At his service
00:52:25A controversy
00:52:33Who bounces back
00:52:34A few months later
00:52:35When Albert London
00:52:36One of the journalists
00:52:37The most influential
00:52:38From that era
00:52:38In turn, he chose
00:52:39To go and investigate
00:52:40Following in the footsteps of the famous writer
00:52:42A passage from Gide's book
00:52:45He was particularly challenged
00:52:47The one where he talks about
00:52:49A colossal railway construction project
00:52:50In Congo
00:52:51Who would be a terrifying
00:52:53Consumer of human lives
00:52:54With the Congo-Ocean line
00:52:59France's objective
00:53:01East to connect the capital
00:53:02From the French Congo
00:53:03Brazzaville
00:53:04To a new port
00:53:05On the Atlantic Ocean
00:53:06Who will become blackpoint
00:53:08The stakes are high.
00:53:11Because this line
00:53:12Must become the means
00:53:13To transport wealth
00:53:15From all over Equatorial Africa
00:53:16Towards this port
00:53:17Then
00:53:18Send them to mainland France
00:53:20And to achieve this
00:53:23France will use
00:53:25All means
00:53:26Even the worst
00:53:27It's the private company
00:53:35Batignoles
00:53:36Who obtained
00:53:37Part of the route
00:53:38The most delicate
00:53:39Through the Mayombe
00:53:40A tropical forest massif
00:53:42Unstable
00:53:43That one must cross
00:53:44Over 90 kilometers
00:53:46When he arrives in Mayombe
00:53:53Albert London
00:53:55He was almost seized with terror
00:53:56I was arriving at the railway
00:54:02There
00:54:04300 black people from Batignolles
00:54:06They were hitting the rocks
00:54:06With hammer blows
00:54:07It was the great howl
00:54:10Foremen
00:54:11They transmitted orders
00:54:12Idiots with fury
00:54:14Commander at the same time
00:54:15To attack
00:54:16And to come to a standstill
00:54:17Disassemble
00:54:18And to go down
00:54:19I've already seen it built
00:54:23Railways
00:54:24We encounter equipment
00:54:27On construction sites
00:54:27Here
00:54:29Only black people
00:54:30Black replaces the machine
00:54:34The truck
00:54:35The crane
00:54:36And why not?
00:54:37The explosive
00:54:38Nothing surprising
00:54:42To the reporter
00:54:43That this construction site
00:54:44That this construction site has become
00:54:45The deadliest of the era
00:54:46Because the crossing of the Mayombe
00:54:49It causes a real massacre
00:54:501300 deaths in 1925
00:54:532500 in 1926
00:54:562900 in 1927
00:54:58And the same in 1928
00:55:00And what Albert Londres discovers
00:55:07That's to bring them in
00:55:08And kill
00:55:10So many workers
00:55:11We had to go and get them
00:55:13Far from the Congo
00:55:14We sent in the military
00:55:16And foremen
00:55:17Tens of thousands razed
00:55:19Men in Chad
00:55:19In Cameroon
00:55:21In Gabon
00:55:22Or in the Central African Republic
00:55:23We installed them
00:55:25In makeshift camps
00:55:26Where they were decimated
00:55:28Through fatigue
00:55:29Or the disease
00:55:29We will consider
00:55:36More than 20,000 Africans
00:55:37They died
00:55:37During this colossal
00:55:38railway construction site
00:55:39If the articles
00:55:49By Albert London
00:55:50Will have the effect
00:55:51From a bomb
00:55:51France will forget
00:55:53Very soon
00:55:53The thousands of dead
00:55:54From Mayombe
00:55:55And nothing will be able to
00:55:57Prevent him
00:55:57To celebrate
00:55:58His civilizing work
00:55:59When will it finally be open?
00:56:01The railway line
00:56:03Congo-Ocean
00:56:04It's a great work
00:56:11French Colonial
00:56:13Which has just been completed
00:56:15The junction
00:56:16Brasaville-Pointe-Noire
00:56:18From the Congo-Ocean
00:56:19Is carried out
00:56:20After 13 years
00:56:21Works
00:56:21930 million
00:56:23Spent
00:56:24For this work
00:56:25Who allowed
00:56:26To connect
00:56:26The Congo Basin
00:56:27Directly
00:56:28With the sea
00:56:29It is not only
00:56:30A great step forward
00:56:31In the enhancement
00:56:32French colonies
00:56:34But also
00:56:35An improvement
00:56:36The fate of the populations
00:56:37Indigenous people
00:56:38From Equatorial Africa
00:56:40A blindness
00:56:45Albert London
00:56:46He will mock in one of his
00:56:47Latest articles
00:56:48No money
00:56:53No general plan
00:56:54Nor lightning
00:56:55We are making civilization
00:56:58By trial and error
00:56:58The natives are fleeing
00:57:02Others die
00:57:04During this time
00:57:05The government says
00:57:06How optimistic he is
00:57:07And France is happy
00:57:09To be deceived
00:57:10At the beginning
00:57:17From the 1930s
00:57:18France
00:57:19Indeed wants
00:57:19To give oneself the illusion
00:57:20That the Empire
00:57:21This is today's glory
00:57:22And the security of tomorrow
00:57:24SO
00:57:27After years
00:57:28Preparation
00:57:29The country
00:57:30Getting ready
00:57:30To celebrate
00:57:31His colonies
00:57:32In the heart of the woods
00:57:36From Vincennes
00:57:36A gigantic construction site
00:57:38Occupies thousands
00:57:39Of workers
00:57:39This is Marshal Lyotet
00:57:45The builder
00:57:46With a flamboyant reputation
00:57:47Who was in charge
00:57:49To organize this ode
00:57:50To the civilizing mission
00:57:51From France
00:57:52For Lyotet
00:57:56This exhibition
00:57:58Is his true
00:57:58Marshal's baton
00:58:00To top it all off
00:58:01A whole life
00:58:02Consecrated
00:58:02To the French Empire
00:58:03An empire
00:58:10Only the best craftsmen
00:58:12From the country
00:58:12They are in charge
00:58:13To reproduce
00:58:14Here in miniature
00:58:14With as its highlight
00:58:17The construction
00:58:18From a copy
00:58:18From the Cambodian temple
00:58:19From Angkor Wat
00:58:20And on May 6, 1931
00:58:30The President of the Republic
00:58:32Gaston Dumergue
00:58:33Accompanied by Marshal Lyotet
00:58:35Inaugurates the most beautiful
00:58:37And the largest exhibition
00:58:38Colonial, never imagined
00:58:39More than 8 million visitors
00:58:50They will flock to the Bois de Vincennes
00:58:52Where it has been specially extended
00:58:53Line 8
00:58:54From the Paris metro
00:58:56And here are the French
00:59:04Sometimes armed with small cameras
00:59:06Who discover, astonished
00:59:08These mysterious territories
00:59:09From the Empire
00:59:09Which have been reconstructed here
00:59:11With meticulous care
00:59:12Everything has been thought of
00:59:18To provide the image
00:59:19From a colonial world
00:59:20Idealized
00:59:21And perfect
00:59:22Where everyone can stroll around
00:59:23At leisure
00:59:24From one continent to another
00:59:26But these visitors
00:59:36Who enjoy a show
00:59:37With fascinating exoticism
00:59:38They cannot imagine
00:59:40That their empire
00:59:41And that their empire
00:59:41Actually comes
00:59:41To experience its peak
00:59:43And that from now on
00:59:45Nothing will ever be the same again.
00:59:47The millions of subjects
00:59:52From this empire
00:59:52From Algiers to Hanoi
00:59:54And from Tunis to Beirut
00:59:55They go one after the other
00:59:58They go one after the other
00:59:58To question
00:59:59French tutelage
01:00:00And soon
01:00:03Will appear
01:00:04The beginnings of a collapse
01:00:06Which will be accelerated
01:00:07By the Second World War
01:00:09The beginnings of a space
01:00:14The beginnings of a space
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