How did Vietnam's territory change over time?

Vietnam’s history begins under Chinese rule, where it remained for nearly 1000 years before gaining independence in 938. Despite continued pressure from the north, Vietnam managed to repel the Mongol invasions in the 13th century and began expanding its territory southward.

Over time, it defeated Champa and pushed into the Khmer Empire, gradually forming the shape of modern Vietnam. Internal conflicts later divided the country into rival factions, but it was eventually reunified under the Nguyen lords.

In the 19th century, Vietnam was colonized by France and became part of French Indochina. During World War II, it was occupied by Japan, and after the war, independence movements led to the collapse of French rule. The country was then divided into North and South Vietnam, leading to a prolonged conflict that ended with reunification in 1975, forming the modern state of Vietnam.

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