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This captivating video will take you on a mind-boggling journey, challenging everything you thought you knew about the vastness of the cosmos. Get ready to unlock secrets that defy conventional wisdom and explore the unexpected wonders of the universe.
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00:01Ah, space, the final frontier.
00:04It's a vast and mysterious expanse that has fascinated us for centuries.
00:09But as much as we've learned about it,
00:11there are still plenty of things that we've been lied to about when it comes to space.
00:16Let's take a look at some of the biggest lies we've been told about this topic.
00:21First off, we have the idea that space is just this pristine, untouched wilderness.
00:27But that's not exactly true.
00:28We've been littering space with our debris for decades.
00:32Everything from old satellites to rocket parts.
00:35In fact, there are over 20,000 pieces of debris orbiting Earth right now.
00:41And they're causing all sorts of problems for future space missions.
00:44So if you're planning on visiting space anytime soon, watch where you go.
00:49You never know what kind of garbage might be floating around.
00:54Did you know that the sun is not actually yellow?
00:57It's green.
00:58Well, kind of.
00:59You see, scientists measure the temperature of a star by the color spectrum it emits.
01:04Cooler stars appear red, while the hottest of stars look blue.
01:09Our sun emits most of its energy at a wavelength that's close to green.
01:14But because it emits other wavelengths, too, all these colors mix together, and your eyes see this vibrant mixture as
01:22white.
01:23From Earth, however, the sun looks yellow, because our atmosphere is really good at scattering blue light.
01:29If our star was actually yellow, Earth would become a frozen rock, and we'd all be polar bears.
01:37Plus, the sun isn't on fire for real.
01:40It's a big ball of gas, mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
01:43And it works more like a gigantic nuclear reactor, constantly fusing hydrogen atoms to create helium inside its core.
01:51This process releases enormous amounts of energy.
01:55That's why the sun is so hot.
01:58Oh, and speaking of setting things on fire, explosions in space aren't real.
02:03Sorry, Star Wars fans.
02:05A spaceship can't go down in a violent blast, because there is no air out there in space.
02:10No air means no oxygen, and no oxygen means no fire.
02:17Now, you might also think that there are too many stars in the night sky for you to count.
02:21But, in fact, you can do that.
02:24According to the Yale Bright Star Catalog, there are 9,110 stars that you can see from Earth with the
02:31unaided eye.
02:33So, technically, you can count them, but I wouldn't be surprised if you lost count.
02:40And if you're worried about flying through an asteroid belt, don't be.
02:44Although it does have trillions of space rocks that range in size from space dust to a quarter of the
02:50size of the moon, they're very spread out.
02:53The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter is 140 million miles across, which is one and a half times the
03:01distance between Earth and the sun.
03:02This spreads space rocks thousands of miles apart, making it almost impossible for a spacecraft to collide with one.
03:12You'll instantly freeze in space without a suit.
03:15Nope, you won't turn into a popsicle right away.
03:18It's going to take a bit longer than that because heat and cold don't really move very quickly in the
03:23vacuum of space.
03:24But, unfortunately for you, there's a bigger problem at hand.
03:28You won't be able to breathe.
03:31After just 15 seconds, your brain won't be getting enough oxygen from your blood, and you'll pass out.
03:37And then, after just two minutes, it's curtains for the rest of your organs.
03:41So, in short, if you find yourself playing astronaut without a spacesuit, it's game over pretty quickly.
03:49Did you know that space doesn't have any temperature at all?
03:53That's because the temperature is defined by the speed at which particles move and the amount of energy they have.
03:59In the true vacuum of space, there are no particles to move around, making it temperatureless.
04:06Of course, some parts of space are really hot, like areas around stars.
04:11But the further away you get from stars, the more spread out particles are, making those areas of space pretty
04:18chilly.
04:20Number 9 is our planet's shape.
04:22No, it's not flat, but it's not a perfect sphere either.
04:26Yeah, it bulges at the equator because of our planet's wild spin.
04:31It's like Earth is doing its own little dance.
04:34And because of this bulging, launching spaceships from the equator is much easier than from the poles.
04:42Now, when it comes to sound in space, it's a bit of a tricky situation.
04:47You might think that no one can hear you scream, but that's not entirely accurate.
04:51The thing is, sound needs something to travel through, like air or water.
04:57In space, things are super spread out, so all those epic space battles and galactic explosions would be completely silent.
05:05Yet, there are some places in space with enough particles for sound to travel through.
05:11For example, you can hear the black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster.
05:18Another myth is about zero gravity.
05:21That's not a thing.
05:22There's still some gravity hanging around the International Space Station, about 90% of what we feel on good old
05:29Earth.
05:29But astronauts get to float around because they're basically free-falling around the planet.
05:35And let's be real.
05:36Hollywood's version of space travel is not factual.
05:40Sure, orbits are a thing, but different altitudes mean different speeds.
05:44So moving from one orbit to another isn't exactly a walk in the park.
05:48You can't just push yourself in the right direction and hope for the best.
05:53You gotta take those orbital velocities into account.
05:56This reminded me of the 2013 movie Gravity and how Sandra Bullock tried to survive in space.
06:02Hollywood sure added some fuel to these myths.
06:05Yet again, who can blame them?
06:08Back in 1976, NASA's Viking 1 spacecraft snapped a photo of a curious rock formation on Mars that looked suspiciously
06:17like a face.
06:19Some folks out there claimed that it must have been proof of extraterrestrial life on the red planet.
06:25But NASA had a different take.
06:27According to the Space Agency, the face was nothing more than a bunch of rocks piled up in such a
06:34way that the shadows they cast created an illusion of facial features.
06:38It turns out it was just a regular hill that got a little too much credit for being photogenic.
06:45The solar system stays in place.
06:49Lie!
06:50It's zooming through space at a speed of 140 miles per second,
06:55which means that it's whizzing through the cosmos faster than a cheetah chasing its prey.
07:00It takes us 230 million years for the solar system to complete a full orbit around the Milky Way.
07:07It's a good thing it isn't getting a speeding ticket, because that would be one astronomical find.
07:13Eh?
07:15Without the sun, planets would be pretty chilly.
07:18We're talking about temperatures as low as negative 455 degrees Fahrenheit.
07:24Blurr!
07:25But with the sun around, the planets get to enjoy much more livable temperatures.
07:30Of course, not all planets are created equal.
07:32Mercury, for example, is the closest to the sun.
07:36Venus, on the other hand, is farther away, but somehow manages to be even hotter than Mercury.
07:42The distance from the sun isn't the only factor that affects a planet's temperature.
07:46Other things, like the planet's size and reflectivity, also come into play.
07:51So Mercury being the hottest planet in our solar system is a false proposition.
07:56No, just because it's the closest one to the sun doesn't mean it's the hottest.
08:00Even though we've been deceived in some ways, that doesn't make space any less amazing.
08:05It's still a vast, beautiful, and utterly fascinating part of our universe.
08:10And there's still so much we have yet to discover.
08:13Who knows?
08:14Maybe one day we'll really discover little green people out there.
08:18Or maybe we'll find out something even more incredible.
08:21Until then, we'll just have to keep dreaming and exploring.
08:25There, you got 14 things on our list.
08:28Do you have any other space myths to debunk?
08:32Not unlike a giant cosmic blinker, a supermassive black hole 570 million light-years away
08:39flares every 114 days.
08:43Recently, astronomers have noticed powerful eruptions of light coming from the hole.
08:48The monstrosity is about 20 times the mass of the one at the center of our home Milky Way galaxy.
08:55So far, the only explanation scientists have is the black hole is ripping chunks of matter
09:02out of an orbiting star.
09:03It happens every time it gets too close.
09:07This discovery is rather exotic,
09:09because no one has ever seen a black hole do something like that before.
09:14Usually, if a star comes close to a black hole,
09:17the space monster shreds it into thin strands, like spaghetti.
09:22After that, the black hole swallows most of the star's matter.
09:26The remains arc away in long, bright streamers.
09:30But not in this case.
09:32Every time the star approaches the black hole,
09:34it loses about three times the mass of Jupiter.
09:37And that's the largest planet in our solar system.
09:40This also results in a tremendous flare that astronomers can see on Earth.
09:46The flares are so regular and consistent
09:49that the researchers managed to predict several of them.
09:52They happened on September 6th and December 26th, 2020.
09:57A nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in outer space.
10:02You can see it in the night sky,
10:04either as a bright patch or, vice versa,
10:07a dark spot against some glowing matter.
10:09The red rectangle nebula in the constellation Monoceros,
10:14or the unicorn, is unlike others.
10:17Our universe has very few straight lines.
10:20And here you are, looking at a giant rectangle,
10:24which is a huge gaseous nebula, no less.
10:27And then, there's also the color.
10:29A bizarre shade of orange-red.
10:32Astronomers suppose the glow might be coming
10:35from some unusual activity inside the dust clusters.
10:38This activity is likely to be going on at the molecular level.
10:44The universe is around 13.8 billion years old.
10:48But HD 140283, a star informally called Methuselah,
10:54is apparently more than 14 billion years old.
10:57Even more paradoxical,
10:59the star has some chemical elements
11:01that are more typical for a second-generation star.
11:04Those are the ones formed from dust and gas
11:07left after the explosion of the first generation of stars.
11:12And still, the main problem is,
11:14how can a star be older than the universe itself?
11:18So far, the most likely explanation
11:20is an error in observations.
11:23It could make astronomers believe
11:25the star is older than it is.
11:27The star called Vega
11:29is relatively close to us,
11:31a mere 25 light-years away from the Sun.
11:34It's not the most usual star out there.
11:37It's brighter than it's supposed to be.
11:39And it's not round,
11:41but rather egg-shaped.
11:43Astronomers claim
11:44that's because the star rotates so fast,
11:47its shape changes.
11:49See for yourself.
11:50It takes the Sun 27 days to make a rotation.
11:54And Vega needs only 12 and a half hours
11:57to turn on its axis.
11:59This speed also influences
12:01the temperatures on the star's surface.
12:03Its poles are several thousand degrees hotter
12:06than the equator.
12:08There's a supermassive black hole
12:10250 million light-years away from Earth.
12:13It produces the deepest sound
12:15ever detected from any object in the universe.
12:18It's one quadrillion,
12:20which is one with 15 zeros,
12:23times deeper
12:24than what the human ear can hear.
12:27The Fermi bubbles
12:28confuse astronomers to no end.
12:31It's not every day
12:32that our home galaxy blows bubbles
12:34that are hotter
12:35than 7 million degrees Fahrenheit.
12:37Coming from the center
12:39of the Milky Way galaxy,
12:40the spheres are made up
12:42of nothing but powerful gamma rays.
12:44It would be a bit less strange
12:46should one bubble stay inside the other.
12:48with both of them
12:49at the center of the galaxy's core.
12:51But the two giant spheres
12:53hover independently
12:54above and below
12:56the black hole
12:57at the center of the Milky Way.
12:59Even more bizarre,
13:01they touch and form
13:02an hourglass shape.
13:03It makes the entire structure
13:05look like the number 8.
13:07The bubbles themselves
13:08are well-defined
13:09and slightly sharp-edged.
13:11They're also breathtakingly enormous,
13:14spanning a total length
13:15of 50,000 light-years.
13:18Scientists have yet to crack
13:20several mysteries
13:21connected with the Fermi bubbles.
13:23Like,
13:23what can produce
13:24such extreme energy?
13:26It's as powerful
13:27as 100,000 exploding supernovae.
13:30Or,
13:31what's with the off-center nature
13:32of the bubbles?
13:33Something must be going on there,
13:35even though it seems
13:36that the bubbles surround
13:38nothingness.
13:41K2-141b,
13:42a planet outside
13:43of our solar system,
13:45seems to be not that different
13:46from Earth.
13:47If you visited it,
13:48you'd see liquid oceans
13:50evaporating into the atmosphere.
13:52Just like on our home planet,
13:54the vapor then condenses
13:55and gets back to the surface
13:57as rain.
13:58But,
13:59instead of water,
14:00all this happens with...
14:02rock!
14:03The surface of the unusual exoplanet
14:06is covered with lava seas.
14:08In most places,
14:10they're tens of miles deep.
14:12And since the temperatures
14:13on the planet
14:14reach 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit
14:16during the day,
14:17the magma in the oceans
14:19vaporizes into the atmosphere.
14:21After that,
14:22supersonic winds,
14:24moving at a speed
14:25of one mile per second,
14:27carry the rock vapor
14:28to the planet's night side.
14:30There,
14:31the vaporized magma
14:32cools down,
14:33becomes liquid again,
14:34and falls to the surface
14:36as rocky rain.
14:38Far away,
14:39Neptune-sized exoplanet
14:41Gliese 436 b
14:42is a paradox.
14:44It's made
14:45of scorching hot
14:47ice.
14:48The planet completes
14:49one full orbit
14:51around the red dwarf
14:52Gliese 436
14:53in two days,
14:5515 hours.
14:56Which means
14:57it travels remarkably
14:58close to its parent star.
15:00That might be the reason
15:02why the planet's temperatures
15:03rarely drop below
15:04800 degrees Fahrenheit.
15:06But the strangest thing?
15:08The planet has huge volumes
15:10of water ice,
15:11known as Ice X.
15:13It remains solid
15:15despite blistering temperatures.
15:18Neutrinos are teeny,
15:20almost massless particles
15:21that can move
15:22at nearly the speed of light.
15:24They can easily pass
15:26even through metals
15:27and travel miles and miles
15:28without anything
15:29to stop them.
15:30You can be sure
15:32that some neutrinos
15:33are passing through
15:34your body right now
15:35while you're watching
15:36this video.
15:38These elusive
15:39subatomic particles
15:40get born in
15:42supernova explosions
15:43and in nuclear reactions
15:45inside stars.
15:48About 4,000 light years
15:49away from Earth,
15:50in the constellation
15:51of Serpens,
15:52there's a bizarre planet.
15:55Astronomers think
15:55it could once be
15:56the core of a massive star,
15:59long gone now.
16:00Five times the size of Earth,
16:02it seems to be
16:03one enormous diamond.
16:06The planet is denser
16:07than any other
16:08discovered so far
16:09and is made up
16:10of mostly carbon.
16:12It's so dense
16:13that astronomers think
16:14this carbon
16:15might be crystalline.
16:17It means that
16:18at least some part
16:19of the planet
16:19is diamond.
16:21Most stars move
16:23around the center
16:23of their galaxies
16:24following fixed orbits,
16:26planets.
16:26But not
16:29HE0437-5439.
16:30This 30-million-year-old star
16:33that appeared
16:33not far from the center
16:35of the Milky Way
16:35decided to set off
16:37on a journey.
16:39Astronomers think
16:40the star
16:40might have come
16:41across the supermassive
16:42black hole
16:43Sagittarius A star,
16:45and the space monster
16:47might have pushed
16:48the star
16:48out of the galaxy.
16:50It's now traveling
16:51through the Milky Way's
16:52outer halo,
16:53moving right
16:54into interstellar space
16:55at a speed
16:56of 1,600,000 miles per hour.
17:00Stellar halos
17:01surround galaxies
17:02and are home
17:03to stars
17:04and star clusters.
17:06This discovery
17:07turned out
17:08to be extremely confusing.
17:10Such short-lived
17:11massive stars,
17:12because tens
17:13or even hundreds
17:14of millions of years
17:15is a very young age
17:17for a star,
17:18aren't usually found
17:19in the halo.
17:20There,
17:21you can only encounter
17:22the oldest stars
17:23in our galaxy.
17:25Those that are at least
17:2610 billion years old.
17:28When disastrous
17:29magnetic field collisions
17:31occur at the sun's equator,
17:32they cause
17:33ginormous tsunamis
17:35of plasma.
17:36These tsunamis
17:37move across
17:38the star's surface
17:39at a speed
17:40of 1,000 feet
17:41per second.
17:42Such a tsunami
17:43can last for weeks
17:45at a time.
17:45They happen
17:46almost every decade.
17:48More than 7,000
17:50light-years away
17:51from Earth,
17:51there is the
17:52Eagle Nebula.
17:53It's a young
17:54cluster of stars,
17:55just 5.5 million
17:57years old.
17:58The Hubble Space Telescope
18:00managed to take an image
18:01of several dark silhouettes
18:03near the nebula's center.
18:04Those are the so-called
18:06pillars of creation,
18:08towering tendrils
18:09of interstellar gas
18:10and dust.
18:11They're also a part
18:13of the nebula's
18:13active star-forming region.
18:16Newborn stars
18:17are hidden
18:17in these wispy columns.
18:20Unlike their
18:21supermassive siblings,
18:22hypothetical
18:23mini-black holes
18:24could be really tiny,
18:26not bigger
18:27than an atom.
18:28But even so,
18:29just one minuscule thing
18:30would have the mass
18:31of a thousand sedans.
18:34One theory claims
18:35tons of micro-black holes
18:37could have appeared
18:38right after the Big Bang
18:39and the beginning
18:40of the universe.
18:41Some scientists
18:42even go as far
18:43as to say
18:44that several
18:45mini-black holes
18:46pass through our planet
18:47every day,
18:48totally unnoticed.
18:50Scientists think
18:51white holes might exist,
18:53even though none
18:54has been found yet.
18:55When some space object
18:56comes across a white hole,
18:58it can't enter it
18:59from the outside.
19:00But light and matter
19:02can escape
19:02from within the hole.
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